What defines horizontal integration in hospitals?

Horizontal integration in hospitals refers specifically to the consolidation of same-level healthcare institutions, which is precisely what the correct answer addresses. This strategy allows hospitals or healthcare systems to merge with or acquire other hospitals that operate at the same level of care or services. The primary purpose of horizontal integration is to increase market share, reduce competition, and create economies of scale.

When hospitals engage in horizontal integration, they can provide a broader range of services while maintaining a focus on similar levels of care, which can help improve efficiency, streamline operations, and enhance patient access to care. Furthermore, by bringing together these same-level institutions, they can collectively negotiate better terms with suppliers and insurance companies, ultimately leading to cost reductions and improved financial performance.

The other options reflect different concepts within health care management. Managing care across different healthcare settings pertains to vertical integration, while providing care under a single provider could imply a more centralized model of healthcare delivery. Offering diverse services under one roof typically relates to service diversification rather than integration at the same level. Hence, the focus on the consolidation of same-level institutions in the correct answer captures the essence of horizontal integration effectively.